1001 Artificial Plants

Agriculture, Pest and diseases, Organic Farming, Horticulture

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Horticulture

Difference Between Horticultural Maturity and Physiological Maturity

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Differentiate between horticultural maturity and physiological maturity

Physiological maturity Horticultural maturity
1) It refers to the stage in the development of the fruits and vegetables when maximum growth and maturation has occurred. 1) Horticultural maturity refers to any stage of development when the commodity has reached a level of development sufficient for its intended use.
2) Indicate the end of stage. 2) Indicate desirable change to make marketable.
3) Maximum growth and maturation occurred. 3) Maximum growth and maturation not occurred.
4) Closely associated with fruits. 4) Closely associated with vegetables.
5) Allow normal ripening after harvest. 5) May not ripen.
6) Seed collection easy. 6) Seed collection not easy.

Cropping Scheme (Definition, Importance, Utility and Principles of preparation)

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Cropping scheme is a farm budget prepared in advance of a cropping season of the year showing the details farm activities during the proposed year.
Importance 
1. It indicates the cost of seasonal and varietal cultivation.
2. For proper management of land, labour and capital.
3. It assist in proper functional planning.
4. It assists in calculation of actual net profit.
5. It assists the maintenance of proper farm functions.
6. It assists the preparation of the crop calendar in actual time.
7. It helps in calculating the cultivation and non­cultivation costs.
8. It illustrates the essential elements of a farm.
9. It illustrates the normal and abnormal condition of farm.
10.It allows calculations of the profit or loss of future crops.
Utility 
1. To prepared the farm budget for a particular financial year.
2. To predict the expected profit or loss.
3. To prepare the tentative plan of work during proposed year.
4. To determine the total amount quantity of inputs.
5. Input to require and to know in advance.
Principles of preparation 
1) Consultation should be made of a map, indicating the farm layout such as roads, ponds, irrigation facilities, number of plots and area etc.
2) Varieties of crop should be selected in accordance with local and national requirements.
3) Proper crop rotation should be followed for maintaining soil fertility and for controlling pest and disease.
4) Green manuring crop should be cultivated for organic matter.
5) A particular place should be earmarked for animal husbandry.
6) Irrigation and drainage facilities should be checked and made adequate for the cropping scheme.
7) Commercial crops should be considered.
8) Last years application of fertilizer and its residual effect should be considered.
9) A source of capital should be secured.